Pandas Profiling Report

Dataset statistics

Number of variables	20
Number of observations	388
Missing cells	0
Missing cells (%)	0.0%
Duplicate rows	0
Duplicate rows (%)	0.0%
Total size in memory	60.8 KiB
Average record size in memory	160.3 B

Variable types

Categorical	3
Numeric	15
Boolean	2

Warnings

`Churn` has constant value "1"	Constant
`State` has a high cardinality: 51 distinct values	High cardinality
`Total day minutes` is highly correlated with `Total day charge`	High correlation
`Total day charge` is highly correlated with `Total day minutes`	High correlation
`Total eve minutes` is highly correlated with `Total eve charge`	High correlation
`Total eve charge` is highly correlated with `Total eve minutes`	High correlation
`Total night minutes` is highly correlated with `Total night charge`	High correlation
`Total night charge` is highly correlated with `Total night minutes`	High correlation
`Total intl minutes` is highly correlated with `Total intl charge`	High correlation
`Total intl charge` is highly correlated with `Total intl minutes`	High correlation
`Area code` is highly correlated with `Churn`	High correlation
`Churn` is highly correlated with `Area code` and 3 other fields	High correlation
`International plan` is highly correlated with `Churn`	High correlation
`State` is highly correlated with `Churn`	High correlation
`Voice mail plan` is highly correlated with `Churn`	High correlation
`Number vmail messages` has 323 (83.2%) zeros	Zeros
`Customer service calls` has 79 (20.4%) zeros	Zeros

Reproduction

Analysis started	2021-04-10 21:20:26.785164
Analysis finished	2021-04-10 21:20:49.238582
Duration	22.45 seconds
Software version	pandas-profiling v2.11.0
Download configuration	config.yaml

State
Categorical

HIGH CARDINALITY
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	51
Distinct (%)	13.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	3.2 KiB

TX	16
NJ	14
MD	14
MI	13
NV	13
Other values (46)	318

Length

Max length	2
Median length	2
Mean length	2
Min length	2

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	776
Distinct characters	24
Distinct categories	1 ?
Distinct scripts	1 ?
Distinct blocks	1 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Sample

1st row	CO
2nd row	AZ
3rd row	MD
4th row	WY
5th row	CO

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
TX	16	4.1%
NJ	14	3.6%
MD	14	3.6%
MI	13	3.4%
NV	13	3.4%
MN	13	3.4%
NY	12	3.1%
AR	11	2.8%
CT	11	2.8%
ME	11	2.8%
Other values (41)	260	67.0%

Histogram of lengths of the category

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
tx	16	4.1%
md	14	3.6%
nj	14	3.6%
nv	13	3.4%
mi	13	3.4%
mn	13	3.4%
ny	12	3.1%
sc	11	2.8%
ar	11	2.8%
ms	11	2.8%
Other values (41)	260	67.0%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
N	93	12.0%
M	89	11.5%
A	73	9.4%
T	56	7.2%
C	48	6.2%
D	42	5.4%
I	40	5.2%
S	38	4.9%
O	36	4.6%
V	30	3.9%
Other values (14)	231	29.8%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Uppercase Letter	776	100.0%

Most frequent character per category

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
N	93	12.0%
M	89	11.5%
A	73	9.4%
T	56	7.2%
C	48	6.2%
D	42	5.4%
I	40	5.2%
S	38	4.9%
O	36	4.6%
V	30	3.9%
Other values (14)	231	29.8%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Latin	776	100.0%

Most frequent character per script

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
N	93	12.0%
M	89	11.5%
A	73	9.4%
T	56	7.2%
C	48	6.2%
D	42	5.4%
I	40	5.2%
S	38	4.9%
O	36	4.6%
V	30	3.9%
Other values (14)	231	29.8%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	776	100.0%

Most frequent character per block

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
N	93	12.0%
M	89	11.5%
A	73	9.4%
T	56	7.2%
C	48	6.2%
D	42	5.4%
I	40	5.2%
S	38	4.9%
O	36	4.6%
V	30	3.9%
Other values (14)	231	29.8%

Account length
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	154
Distinct (%)	39.7%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	102.3195876
Minimum	1
Maximum	225
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	3.2 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1
5-th percentile	36.35
Q1	75.75
median	103
Q3	127
95-th percentile	170
Maximum	225
Range	224
Interquartile range (IQR)	51.25

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	40.18459895
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.3927361308
Kurtosis	-0.02151221649
Mean	102.3195876
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	27
Skewness	0.09201571449
Sum	39700
Variance	1614.801993
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
115	7	1.8%
93	7	1.8%
113	7	1.8%
88	7	1.8%
76	7	1.8%
105	6	1.5%
97	6	1.5%
98	6	1.5%
108	6	1.5%
119	5	1.3%
Other values (144)	324	83.5%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	1	0.3%
2	1	0.3%
12	1	0.3%
13	1	0.3%
16	1	0.3%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
225	1	0.3%
224	1	0.3%
212	1	0.3%
201	1	0.3%
197	1	0.3%

Area code
Categorical

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	3
Distinct (%)	0.8%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	3.2 KiB

415	195
510	99
408	94

Length

Max length	3
Median length	3
Mean length	3
Min length	3

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	1164
Distinct characters	5
Distinct categories	1 ?
Distinct scripts	1 ?
Distinct blocks	1 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Sample

1st row	408
2nd row	408
3rd row	408
4th row	415
5th row	408

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
415	195	50.3%
510	99	25.5%
408	94	24.2%

Histogram of lengths of the category

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
415	195	50.3%
510	99	25.5%
408	94	24.2%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	294	25.3%
5	294	25.3%
4	289	24.8%
0	193	16.6%
8	94	8.1%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Decimal Number	1164	100.0%

Most frequent character per category

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	294	25.3%
5	294	25.3%
4	289	24.8%
0	193	16.6%
8	94	8.1%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Common	1164	100.0%

Most frequent character per script

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	294	25.3%
5	294	25.3%
4	289	24.8%
0	193	16.6%
8	94	8.1%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	1164	100.0%

Most frequent character per block

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	294	25.3%
5	294	25.3%
4	289	24.8%
0	193	16.6%
8	94	8.1%

International plan
Boolean

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	2
Distinct (%)	0.5%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	516.0 B

False	270
True	118

Common Values
Chart

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
False	270	69.6%
True	118	30.4%

Voice mail plan
Boolean

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	2
Distinct (%)	0.5%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	516.0 B

False	323
True	65

Common Values
Chart

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
False	323	83.2%
True	65	16.8%

Number vmail messages
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

ZEROS

Distinct	27
Distinct (%)	7.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	5.170103093
Minimum	0
Maximum	45
Zeros	323
Zeros (%)	83.2%
Memory size	3.2 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	0
median	0
Q3	0
95-th percentile	33
Maximum	45
Range	45
Interquartile range (IQR)	0

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	11.87649332
Coefficient of variation (CV)	2.297148259
Kurtosis	2.375173698
Mean	5.170103093
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0
Skewness	2.002884776
Sum	2006
Variance	141.0510935
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=27)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	323	83.2%
29	6	1.5%
33	6	1.5%
32	6	1.5%
26	5	1.3%
42	4	1.0%
35	4	1.0%
31	4	1.0%
28	4	1.0%
36	3	0.8%
Other values (17)	23	5.9%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	323	83.2%
16	1	0.3%
17	1	0.3%
18	2	0.5%
19	1	0.3%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
45	1	0.3%
44	2	0.5%
42	4	1.0%
41	1	0.3%
40	1	0.3%

Total day minutes
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	365
Distinct (%)	94.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	205.1811856
Minimum	0
Maximum	350.8
Zeros	1
Zeros (%)	0.3%
Memory size	3.2 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	97.65
Q1	150.9
median	214.95
Q3	262.2
95-th percentile	304.68
Maximum	350.8
Range	350.8
Interquartile range (IQR)	111.3

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	68.49021343
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.3338035758
Kurtosis	-0.751902766
Mean	205.1811856
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	55.05
Skewness	-0.1842694097
Sum	79610.3
Variance	4690.909335
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
242.2	2	0.5%
131.6	2	0.5%
176.9	2	0.5%
256.4	2	0.5%
189.1	2	0.5%
162.3	2	0.5%
236.9	2	0.5%
162.1	2	0.5%
133.3	2	0.5%
248.7	2	0.5%
Other values (355)	368	94.8%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	1	0.3%
46.5	1	0.3%
47.7	1	0.3%
47.8	1	0.3%
54.2	1	0.3%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
350.8	1	0.3%
346.8	1	0.3%
345.3	1	0.3%
337.4	1	0.3%
335.5	1	0.3%

Total day calls
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	96
Distinct (%)	24.7%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	101.1958763
Minimum	0
Maximum	156
Zeros	1
Zeros (%)	0.3%
Memory size	3.2 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	63
Q1	87
median	103
Q3	116
95-th percentile	134
Maximum	156
Range	156
Interquartile range (IQR)	29

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	21.70527945
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.2144877859
Kurtosis	0.8873766371
Mean	101.1958763
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	14
Skewness	-0.4495566036
Sum	39264
Variance	471.1191561
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
106	13	3.4%
108	12	3.1%
112	10	2.6%
101	10	2.6%
99	9	2.3%
103	9	2.3%
83	9	2.3%
86	9	2.3%
120	9	2.3%
109	8	2.1%
Other values (86)	290	74.7%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	1	0.3%
42	1	0.3%
44	2	0.5%
45	1	0.3%
47	1	0.3%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
156	1	0.3%
151	2	0.5%
148	1	0.3%
147	2	0.5%
145	1	0.3%

Total day charge
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	365
Distinct (%)	94.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	34.88134021
Minimum	0
Maximum	59.64
Zeros	1
Zeros (%)	0.3%
Memory size	3.2 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	16.5985
Q1	25.6525
median	36.54
Q3	44.5775
95-th percentile	51.7965
Maximum	59.64
Range	59.64
Interquartile range (IQR)	18.925

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	11.64347874
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.333802505
Kurtosis	-0.7518204735
Mean	34.88134021
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	9.36
Skewness	-0.1842373786
Sum	13533.96
Variance	135.5705972
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
41.68	2	0.5%
48.69	2	0.5%
24.65	2	0.5%
46.09	2	0.5%
28.41	2	0.5%
27.59	2	0.5%
22.66	2	0.5%
43.59	2	0.5%
22.37	2	0.5%
46.36	2	0.5%
Other values (355)	368	94.8%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	1	0.3%
7.91	1	0.3%
8.11	1	0.3%
8.13	1	0.3%
9.21	1	0.3%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
59.64	1	0.3%
58.96	1	0.3%
58.7	1	0.3%
57.36	1	0.3%
57.04	1	0.3%

Total eve minutes
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	349
Distinct (%)	89.9%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	209.3853093
Minimum	70.9
Maximum	363.7
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	3.2 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	70.9
5-th percentile	126.675
Q1	173.15
median	209
Q3	248.325
95-th percentile	287.755
Maximum	363.7
Range	292.8
Interquartile range (IQR)	75.175

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	50.86371836
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.2429192312
Kurtosis	-0.09507014465
Mean	209.3853093
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	37.35
Skewness	0.03540140643
Sum	81241.5
Variance	2587.117846
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
209.4	3	0.8%
226.1	3	0.8%
169.9	2	0.5%
253.4	2	0.5%
208.9	2	0.5%
134.1	2	0.5%
188.8	2	0.5%
303.4	2	0.5%
190	2	0.5%
179.3	2	0.5%
Other values (339)	366	94.3%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
70.9	1	0.3%
75.3	1	0.3%
77.1	1	0.3%
92.3	1	0.3%
93.7	1	0.3%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
363.7	1	0.3%
350.9	1	0.3%
347.3	1	0.3%
339.9	1	0.3%
327	1	0.3%

Total eve calls
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	87
Distinct (%)	22.4%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	99.94845361
Minimum	48
Maximum	159
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	3.2 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	48
5-th percentile	67
Q1	86
median	100.5
Q3	113
95-th percentile	132
Maximum	159
Range	111
Interquartile range (IQR)	27

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	19.60547365
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.1961558478
Kurtosis	-0.2661983882
Mean	99.94845361
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	13.5
Skewness	-0.06270721028
Sum	38780
Variance	384.3745971
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
94	12	3.1%
102	12	3.1%
111	11	2.8%
100	9	2.3%
108	9	2.3%
117	9	2.3%
86	9	2.3%
92	9	2.3%
105	9	2.3%
122	8	2.1%
Other values (77)	291	75.0%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
48	2	0.5%
53	1	0.3%
54	1	0.3%
56	2	0.5%
59	1	0.3%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
159	1	0.3%
147	1	0.3%
144	1	0.3%
143	1	0.3%
142	1	0.3%

Total eve charge
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	338
Distinct (%)	87.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	17.79786082
Minimum	6.03
Maximum	30.91
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	3.2 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	6.03
5-th percentile	10.767
Q1	14.7175
median	17.765
Q3	21.11
95-th percentile	24.459
Maximum	30.91
Range	24.88
Interquartile range (IQR)	6.3925

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	4.323326587
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.242912709
Kurtosis	-0.09500132295
Mean	17.79786082
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	3.175
Skewness	0.03542926839
Sum	6905.57
Variance	18.69115278
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
17.71	4	1.0%
17.8	3	0.8%
14.2	3	0.8%
19.22	3	0.8%
17.22	2	0.5%
15.56	2	0.5%
16.15	2	0.5%
22.07	2	0.5%
25.79	2	0.5%
15.24	2	0.5%
Other values (328)	363	93.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
6.03	1	0.3%
6.4	1	0.3%
6.55	1	0.3%
7.85	1	0.3%
7.96	1	0.3%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
30.91	1	0.3%
29.83	1	0.3%
29.52	1	0.3%
28.89	1	0.3%
27.8	1	0.3%

Total night minutes
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	349
Distinct (%)	89.9%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	205.3072165
Minimum	47.4
Maximum	354.9
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	3.2 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	47.4
5-th percentile	129.25
Q1	169.925
median	204.95
Q3	241.15
95-th percentile	280.695
Maximum	354.9
Range	307.5
Interquartile range (IQR)	71.225

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	47.56515726
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.2316779608
Kurtosis	-0.1882849493
Mean	205.3072165
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	35.9
Skewness	0.01552955433
Sum	79659.2
Variance	2262.444186
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
178.1	3	0.8%
227	3	0.8%
214.2	3	0.8%
167.8	2	0.5%
208.9	2	0.5%
184.2	2	0.5%
195	2	0.5%
254.9	2	0.5%
249.4	2	0.5%
153.2	2	0.5%
Other values (339)	365	94.1%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
47.4	1	0.3%
73.2	1	0.3%
87.4	1	0.3%
104.9	1	0.3%
107.3	1	0.3%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
354.9	1	0.3%
332.7	1	0.3%
321.2	1	0.3%
309.1	1	0.3%
308.9	1	0.3%

Total night calls
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	94
Distinct (%)	24.2%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	100.6829897
Minimum	49
Maximum	158
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	3.2 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	49
5-th percentile	69.35
Q1	85.75
median	101
Q3	116
95-th percentile	132
Maximum	158
Range	109
Interquartile range (IQR)	30.25

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	20.07466732
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.1993848949
Kurtosis	-0.3220498253
Mean	100.6829897
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	15
Skewness	0.04762314947
Sum	39065
Variance	402.992268
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
106	11	2.8%
97	10	2.6%
84	10	2.6%
78	9	2.3%
102	9	2.3%
104	9	2.3%
95	9	2.3%
111	9	2.3%
118	9	2.3%
115	8	2.1%
Other values (84)	295	76.0%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
49	1	0.3%
51	1	0.3%
53	1	0.3%
56	1	0.3%
57	1	0.3%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
158	1	0.3%
152	2	0.5%
151	1	0.3%
147	1	0.3%
146	1	0.3%

Total night charge
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	289
Distinct (%)	74.5%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	9.238891753
Minimum	2.13
Maximum	15.97
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	3.2 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	2.13
5-th percentile	5.8175
Q1	7.6475
median	9.225
Q3	10.8525
95-th percentile	12.633
Maximum	15.97
Range	13.84
Interquartile range (IQR)	3.205

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	2.140617182
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.2316963159
Kurtosis	-0.1877677769
Mean	9.238891753
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	1.615
Skewness	0.0151953845
Sum	3584.69
Variance	4.582241921
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
8.01	4	1.0%
9.64	4	1.0%
9.4	4	1.0%
10.22	4	1.0%
8.19	3	0.8%
8.88	3	0.8%
12.11	3	0.8%
7.55	3	0.8%
10.52	3	0.8%
10.08	3	0.8%
Other values (279)	354	91.2%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2.13	1	0.3%
3.29	1	0.3%
3.93	1	0.3%
4.72	1	0.3%
4.83	1	0.3%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
15.97	1	0.3%
14.97	1	0.3%
14.45	1	0.3%
13.91	1	0.3%
13.9	1	0.3%

Total intl minutes
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	111
Distinct (%)	28.6%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	10.8193299
Minimum	3.9
Maximum	20
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	3.2 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	3.9
5-th percentile	6.2
Q1	8.9
median	10.8
Q3	12.925
95-th percentile	14.8
Maximum	20
Range	16.1
Interquartile range (IQR)	4.025

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	2.771824382
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.2561918721
Kurtosis	-0.1462839677
Mean	10.8193299
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	2
Skewness	0.02455527575
Sum	4197.9
Variance	7.683010403
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
13.9	11	2.8%
11.5	9	2.3%
11.1	9	2.3%
11	8	2.1%
10.1	7	1.8%
10	7	1.8%
9.6	7	1.8%
7.9	7	1.8%
13.3	7	1.8%
11.3	7	1.8%
Other values (101)	309	79.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
3.9	1	0.3%
4.1	2	0.5%
4.2	1	0.3%
4.5	2	0.5%
4.7	1	0.3%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
20	1	0.3%
17.9	1	0.3%
17.6	1	0.3%
17.5	1	0.3%
17.3	1	0.3%

Total intl calls
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	16
Distinct (%)	4.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	4.051546392
Minimum	1
Maximum	20
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	3.2 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1
5-th percentile	1
Q1	2
median	3
Q3	5
95-th percentile	9
Maximum	20
Range	19
Interquartile range (IQR)	3

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	2.468912173
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.6093752692
Kurtosis	6.582263802
Mean	4.051546392
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	1
Skewness	1.923546794
Sum	1572
Variance	6.095527318
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=16)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2	86	22.2%
3	84	21.6%
4	65	16.8%
5	42	10.8%
6	35	9.0%
1	26	6.7%
7	21	5.4%
9	10	2.6%
8	8	2.1%
10	3	0.8%
Other values (6)	8	2.1%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	26	6.7%
2	86	22.2%
3	84	21.6%
4	65	16.8%
5	42	10.8%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
20	1	0.3%
15	2	0.5%
14	1	0.3%
13	1	0.3%
12	1	0.3%

Total intl charge
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	111
Distinct (%)	28.6%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	2.921726804
Minimum	1.05
Maximum	5.4
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	3.2 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1.05
5-th percentile	1.67
Q1	2.4
median	2.92
Q3	3.4875
95-th percentile	4
Maximum	5.4
Range	4.35
Interquartile range (IQR)	1.0875

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.7484308185
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.2561604382
Kurtosis	-0.147718281
Mean	2.921726804
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.54
Skewness	0.02415757327
Sum	1133.63
Variance	0.56014869
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
3.75	11	2.8%
3.11	9	2.3%
3	9	2.3%
2.97	8	2.1%
3.59	7	1.8%
2.13	7	1.8%
2.59	7	1.8%
3.05	7	1.8%
2.73	7	1.8%
2.7	7	1.8%
Other values (101)	309	79.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.05	1	0.3%
1.11	2	0.5%
1.13	1	0.3%
1.22	2	0.5%
1.27	1	0.3%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
5.4	1	0.3%
4.83	1	0.3%
4.75	1	0.3%
4.73	1	0.3%
4.67	1	0.3%

Customer service calls
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

ZEROS

Distinct	10
Distinct (%)	2.6%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	2.206185567
Minimum	0
Maximum	9
Zeros	79
Zeros (%)	20.4%
Memory size	3.2 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	1
median	2
Q3	4
95-th percentile	5
Maximum	9
Range	9
Interquartile range (IQR)	3

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	1.882535781
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.8532989289
Kurtosis	0.03255737131
Mean	2.206185567
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	1
Skewness	0.7460275042
Sum	856
Variance	3.543940968
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=10)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	99	25.5%
0	79	20.4%
4	64	16.5%
2	62	16.0%
3	37	9.5%
5	29	7.5%
6	10	2.6%
7	5	1.3%
9	2	0.5%
8	1	0.3%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	79	20.4%
1	99	25.5%
2	62	16.0%
3	37	9.5%
4	64	16.5%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
9	2	0.5%
8	1	0.3%
7	5	1.3%
6	10	2.6%
5	29	7.5%

Churn
Categorical

CONSTANT
HIGH CORRELATION
REJECTED

Distinct	1
Distinct (%)	0.3%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	3.2 KiB

1	388

Length

Max length	1
Median length	1
Mean length	1
Min length	1

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	388
Distinct characters	1
Distinct categories	1 ?
Distinct scripts	1 ?
Distinct blocks	1 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Sample

1st row	1
2nd row	1
3rd row	1
4th row	1
5th row	1

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	388	100.0%

Histogram of lengths of the category

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	388	100.0%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	388	100.0%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Decimal Number	388	100.0%

Most frequent character per category

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	388	100.0%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Common	388	100.0%

Most frequent character per script

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	388	100.0%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	388	100.0%

Most frequent character per block

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	388	100.0%

Pearson's r

The Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) is a measure of linear correlation between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative linear correlation, 0 indicating no linear correlation and 1 indicating total positive linear correlation. Furthermore, r is invariant under separate changes in location and scale of the two variables, implying that for a linear function the angle to the x-axis does not affect r.

To calculate r for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Spearman's ρ

The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (ρ) is a measure of monotonic correlation between two variables, and is therefore better in catching nonlinear monotonic correlations than Pearson's r. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative monotonic correlation, 0 indicating no monotonic correlation and 1 indicating total positive monotonic correlation.

To calculate ρ for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of the rank variables of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Kendall's τ

Similarly to Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, the Kendall rank correlation coefficient (τ) measures ordinal association between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative correlation, 0 indicating no correlation and 1 indicating total positive correlation.

To calculate τ for two variables X and Y, one determines the number of concordant and discordant pairs of observations. τ is given by the number of concordant pairs minus the discordant pairs divided by the total number of pairs.

Phik (φk)

Phik (φk) is a new and practical correlation coefficient that works consistently between categorical, ordinal and interval variables, captures non-linear dependency and reverts to the Pearson correlation coefficient in case of a bivariate normal input distribution. There is extensive documentation available here.

Cramér's V (φc)

Cramér's V is an association measure for nominal random variables. The coefficient ranges from 0 to 1, with 0 indicating independence and 1 indicating perfect association. The empirical estimators used for Cramér's V have been proved to be biased, even for large samples. We use a bias-corrected measure that has been proposed by Bergsma in 2013 that can be found here.

Count
Matrix

A simple visualization of nullity by column.

Nullity matrix is a data-dense display which lets you quickly visually pick out patterns in data completion.

First rows

	State	Account length	Area code	International plan	Voice mail plan	Number vmail messages	Total day minutes	Total day calls	Total day charge	Total eve minutes	Total eve calls	Total eve charge	Total night minutes	Total night calls	Total night charge	Total intl minutes	Total intl calls	Total intl charge	Customer service calls	Churn
0	CO	77	408	No	No	0	62.4	89	10.61	169.9	121	14.44	209.6	64	9.43	5.7	6	1.54	5	1
1	AZ	12	408	No	No	0	249.6	118	42.43	252.4	119	21.45	280.2	90	12.61	11.8	3	3.19	1	1
2	MD	135	408	Yes	Yes	41	173.1	85	29.43	203.9	107	17.33	122.2	78	5.50	14.6	15	3.94	0	1
3	WY	87	415	No	No	0	151.0	83	25.67	219.7	116	18.67	203.9	127	9.18	9.7	3	2.62	5	1
4	CO	121	408	No	Yes	30	198.4	129	33.73	75.3	77	6.40	181.2	77	8.15	5.8	3	1.57	3	1
5	TX	150	510	No	No	0	178.9	101	30.41	169.1	110	14.37	148.6	100	6.69	13.8	3	3.73	4	1
6	DC	82	415	No	No	0	300.3	109	51.05	181.0	100	15.39	270.1	73	12.15	11.7	4	3.16	0	1
7	NY	144	408	No	No	0	61.6	117	10.47	77.1	85	6.55	173.0	99	7.79	8.2	7	2.21	4	1
8	TX	106	510	No	No	0	210.6	96	35.80	249.2	85	21.18	191.4	88	8.61	12.4	1	3.35	2	1
9	IN	94	408	No	No	0	157.9	105	26.84	155.0	101	13.18	189.6	84	8.53	8.0	5	2.16	4	1

Last rows

	State	Account length	Area code	International plan	Voice mail plan	Number vmail messages	Total day minutes	Total day calls	Total day charge	Total eve minutes	Total eve calls	Total eve charge	Total night minutes	Total night calls	Total night charge	Total intl minutes	Total intl calls	Total intl charge	Customer service calls	Churn
378	OK	146	510	No	No	0	138.4	104	23.53	158.9	122	13.51	47.4	73	2.13	3.9	9	1.05	4	1
379	RI	138	510	Yes	No	0	286.2	61	48.65	187.2	60	15.91	146.2	114	6.58	11.0	4	2.97	2	1
380	ID	82	415	No	No	0	266.9	83	45.37	229.7	74	19.52	251.7	99	11.33	11.0	6	2.97	3	1
381	AR	76	408	No	No	0	107.3	140	18.24	238.2	133	20.25	271.8	116	12.23	10.0	3	2.70	4	1
382	KS	170	415	No	Yes	42	199.5	119	33.92	135.0	90	11.48	184.6	49	8.31	10.9	3	2.94	4	1
383	MI	119	510	Yes	Yes	22	172.1	119	29.26	223.6	133	19.01	150.0	94	6.75	13.9	20	3.75	1	1
384	IL	71	510	Yes	No	0	186.1	114	31.64	198.6	140	16.88	206.5	80	9.29	13.8	5	3.73	4	1
385	GA	122	510	Yes	No	0	140.0	101	23.80	196.4	77	16.69	120.1	133	5.40	9.7	4	2.62	4	1
386	MD	62	408	No	No	0	321.1	105	54.59	265.5	122	22.57	180.5	72	8.12	11.5	2	3.11	4	1
387	IN	117	415	No	No	0	118.4	126	20.13	249.3	97	21.19	227.0	56	10.22	13.6	3	3.67	5	1

Overview

Variables

Most occurring characters

Most occurring categories

Most frequent character per category

Most occurring scripts

Most frequent character per script

Most occurring blocks

Most frequent character per block

Most occurring characters

Most occurring categories

Most frequent character per category

Most occurring scripts

Most frequent character per script

Most occurring blocks

Most frequent character per block

Most occurring characters

Most occurring categories

Most frequent character per category

Most occurring scripts

Most frequent character per script

Most occurring blocks

Most frequent character per block

Interactions

Correlations

Pearson's r

Spearman's ρ

Kendall's τ

Phik (φk)

Cramér's V (φc)

Missing values

Sample

First rows

Last rows